The Climate on Mars

Mars has seasons just like Earth though they last about twice as long because the Martian year is almost twice that of Earth. Mars axial tilt is 25.2 degrees which is also very close to the 23.5 of Earth.
When a Martian hemisphere is experiencing summer, the polar cap shrinks back and may even disappear from view altogether. At the same time the darker regions grow darker and change slightly from year to year. It was once thought that these markings were vegetation, but we now know they are windblown dust.
When winter ensues, the polar cap of that hemisphere grows and may expand into the middle latitudes. The ice sheets of the polar caps are mainly carbon dioxide ice, but it is believed that there may be some water ice trapped underneath those sheets closest to the pole itself.

Generally Mars is quite cold with lows that reach -140 C (-220 F) but occasionally there are days that are quite balms reaching 20C (68 F.) Because soil and rock absorb heat from the Sun, the surface would be slightly warmer. Frost that forms during the night would melt and be released as water vapor during the day.
The thin, chill blanket of the Martian atmosphere has an average density less than one-hundredth of the Earth's. At 142 million miles from the Sun, Mars receives less than half the solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet coupled with the tenuous air and Mars' daily rotation, that energy produces some remarkable weather. Clouds of water ice form high in the Martian air, driven by winds that can gust up to 50 mph on the surface—and more than 125 mph in the vast dust storms that astronomers have seen sweeping the planet.

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